OK, this is going to be a rather long post since I couldn't resist making an actual list of the words in
this comic i linked earlier. Making the list I noticed a repeating error where the third person possessive suffix form of comitative case was claimed to be the basic form. I've added the basic forms to the list as comments. There were also cases missing here and there. These are mentioned on the list.
koira nominative
koiran genitive (dog’s)
koiraa partitive (a part of a dog/some of a dog) (harjasin koiraa = I brushed a dog (partly))
koiran accusative (dog as an object) (harjasin koiran = I brushed a dog (wholly))
koirassa inessive (in a dog)
koirasta elative (of a dog; from inside a dog)
koiraan illative ((in)to a dog)
koiralla adessive (literally ”on a dog”; also used to mark possession: koiralla on pallo = the dog has a ball)
koiralta ablative (from (on) the dog)
koiralle allative ((on)to the dog)
koirana essive (as a dog)
koiraksi translative ((turn) into a dog)
koiratta abessive (without a dog)
koirineen comitative (with (her/his/their) dog; should be koirine)
koirin instructive (with a dog as an instument)
koirasi nominative/genitive your dog (singular you)
koirani nominative/genitive my dog
koiransa nominative/genitive her/his/their dog
koiramme nominative/genitive our dog
koiranne nominative/genitive your dog (plural you)
koiraani partitive/illative my dog
koiraasi partitive/illative your dog (singular you)
koiraansa partitive/illative her/his/their dog
koiraamme partitive/illative our dog
koiraanne partitive/illative your dog (plural you)
koirassani inessive my dog ("In my dog")
koirassasi inessive your dog (singular you)
koirassansa inessive her/his/their dog
koirassamme inessive our dog
koirassanne inessive your dog (plural you)
koirastani elative my dog ("From (inside) my dog")
koirastasi elative your dog (singular you)
koirastaan elative her/his/their dog
koirastamme elative our dog
koirastanne elative your dog (plural you)
koirallani adessive my dog (literally "On my dog")
koirallasi adessive your dog (singular you)
koirallaan adessive her/his/their dog
koirallamme adessive our dog
koirallanne adessive your dog (plural you)
For some reason ablative and allative have been skipped.
koiranani essive my dog ("As my dog")
koiranasi essive your dog (singular you)
koiranaan essive her/his/their dog
koiranamme essive our dog
koirananne essive your dog (plural you)
koirakseni translative my dog ("(Turn) Into my dog")
koiraksesi translative your dog (singular you)
koirakseen translative her/his/their dog
koiraksemme translative our dog
koiraksenne translative your dog (plural you)
koirattani abessive my dog ("Without my dog")
koirattasi abessive your dog (singular you)
koirattaan abessive her/hos/their dog
koirattamme abessive our dog
koirattanne abessive your dog (plural you)
koirineni comitative my dog ("With my dog")
koirinesi comitative your dog (singular you)
koirineen comitative her/his/their dog
koirinemme comitative our dog
koirinenne comitative your dog (plural you)
With possessive suffix there’s no instructive.
The clitic -kaan means approximately “not even”/”neither”:
koirakaan nominative + -kaan (“Not even a dog”)
koirankaan genitive/accusative + -kaan
koiraakaan partitive + -kaan
koirassakaan inessive + -kaan
koirastakaan elative + -kaan
koiraankaan illative + -kaan
koirallakaan adessive + -kaan
koiraltakaan ablative + -kaan
koirallekaan allative + -kaan
koiranakaan essive + -kaan
koiraksikaan translative + -kaan
koirattakaan abessive + -kaan
koirineenkaan comitative + possessive suffix + -kaan (should be koirinekaan)
koirinkaan instructive + -kaan
The clitic -ko turns the word into a question:
koirako nominative + -ko (”A dog?”)
koiranko genitive + -ko
koiraako partitive + -ko
koirassako inessive + -ko
koirastako elative + -ko
koiraanko illative + -ko
koirallako adessive + -ko
koiraltako ablative + -ko
koiralleko allative + -ko
koiranako essive + -ko
koiraksiko translative + -ko
koirattako abessive + -ko
koirineenko comitative + possessive suffix + -ko (should be koirineko)
koirinko instructive + -ko
koirasikaan nominative/genitive your dog (singular you) + -kaan
koiranikaan nominative/genitive my dog + -kaan (“Not even my dog/dog’s”)
koiransakaan nominative/genitive her/his/their dog + -kaan
koirammekaan nominative/genitive our dog + -kaan
koirannekaan nominative/genitive your dog (plural you) + -kaan
koiraanikaan partitive my dog + -kaan
koiraasikaan partittive your dog (singular you) + -kaan
koiraansakaan partitive her/his/their dog + -kaan
koiraammekaan partitive our dog + -kaan
koiraannekaan partitive your dog (plural you) + -kaan
koirassanikaan inessive mys dog + -kaan (”Not even in my dog”)
koirassasikaan inessive your dog (singular you) + -kaan
koirassaankaan inessive her/hos/their dog + -kaan
koirassammekaan inessive our dog + -kaan
koirassannekaan inessive your dog (plural you) + -kaan
koirastanikaan elative my dog + -kaan (”Not even of/from (inside) my dog”)
koirastasikaan elative your dog (singular you) + -kaan
koirastaankaan elative her/hos/their dog + -kaan
koirastammekaan elative our dog + -kaan
koirastannekaan elative your dog (plural you) + -kaan
For some reason the illative has been skipped.
koirallanikaan adessive my dog + -kaan (”Not even on my dog”)
koirallasikaan adessive your dog (singular you) + -kaan
koirallaankaan adessive her/his/their dog + -kaan
koirallammekaan adessive our dog + -kaan
koirallannekaan adessive your dog (plural you) + -kaan
For some reason the ablative and allative have been skipped.
koirananikaan essive my dog + -kaan (“Not even as my dog”)
koiranasikaan essive your dog (singular you) + -kaan
koiranaankaan essive her/his/their dog + -kaan
koiranammekaan essive our dog + -kaan
koiranannekaan essive your dog (plural you) + -kaan
koiraksenikaan translative my dog + -kaan (“Not even (turn) into my dog”)
koiraksesikaan translative your dog (singular you) + -kaan
koirakseenkaan translative her/his/their dog + -kaan
koiraksemmekaan translative our dog + -kaan
koiraksennekaan translative your dog (plural you) + -kaan
koirattanikaan abessive my dog + -kaan (“Not even without my dog”)
koirattasikaan abessive your dog (singular you) + -kaan
koirattaankaan abessive her/his/their dog + -kaan
koirattammekaan abessive our dog + -kaan
koirattannekaan abessive your dog (plural you) + -kaan
koirinenikaan comitative my dog + -kaan (”Not even with my dog”)
koirinesikaan comitative your dog + -kaan
koirineenkaan comitative her/his/their dog + -kaan
koirinemmekaan comitative our dog + -kaan
koirinennekaan comitative your dog (plural you) + -kaan
As stated already, with possessive suffix there’s no instructive case.
koirasiko nominative/genitive your dog (singular you) + -ko
koiraniko nominative/genitive my dog + -ko (“My dog?”)
koiransako nominative/genitive her/his/their dog + -ko
koirammeko nominative/genitive our dog + -ko
koiranneko nominative/genitive your dog (plural you) + -ko
koiraaniko partitive my dog + -ko ("Some of my dog?")
koiraasiko partitive your dog (singular you) + -ko
koiraansako partitive her/his/their dog + -ko
koiraammeko partitive our dog + -ko
koiraanneko partitive your dog (plural you) + -ko
koirassaniko inessive my dog + -ko (”In my dog?”)
koirassasiko inessive your dog (singular you) + ko
koirassaanko inessive her/his/their dog + -ko
koirassammeko inessive our dog + -ko
koirassanneko inessive your dog (plural you) + -ko
koirastaniko elative my dog + -ko (“Of/from (inside) my dog?”)
koirastasiko elative your dog (singular you) + -ko
koirastaanko elative her/his/their dog + -ko
koirastammeko elative our dog + -ko
koirastanneko elative your dog (plural you) + -ko
For some reason the illative has been skipped.
koirallaniko adessive my dog + -ko (“On my dog?”)
koirallasiko adessive your dog (singular you) + -ko
koirallaanko adessive her/his/their dog + -ko
koirallammeko adessive our dog + -ko
koirallanneko adessive your dog (plural you) + -ko
For some reason the ablative and allative have been skipped.
koirananiko essive my dog + -ko (“As my dog?”)
koiranasiko essive your dog (singular you) + -ko
koiranaanko essive her/his/their dog + -ko
koiranammeko essive our dog + -ko
koirananneko essive your dog (plural you) + -ko
koirakseniko translative my dog + -ko (“(Turn) into my dog?”)
koiraksesiko translative your dog (singular you) + -ko
koirakseenko translative her/his/their dog + -ko
koiraksemmeko translative our dog + -ko
koiraksenneko translative your dog (plural you) + -ko
koirattaniko abessive my dog + -ko (“Without my dog?”)
koirattasiko abessive your dog (singular you) + -ko
koirattaanko abessive her/his/their dog + -ko
koirattammeko abessive our dog + -ko
koirattanneko abessive your dog + -ko
koirineniko comitative my dog + -ko (“With my dog?”)
koirinesiko comitative your dog + -ko
koirineenko comitative her/his/their dog + -ko
koirinemmeko comitative our dog + -ko
koirinenneko comitative your dog (plural you) + -ko
As mentioned above, with possessive suffix there’s no instructuve case.
The words in the comic from this on are a repetition of the last two litanies but with the -kaan and -ko clitics combined. It doesn’t matter much which way round the -kaan and -ko are when combined, the meaning stays the same. These combinations are – even if grammatically totally correct - however rather clumsy and hardly ever used in everyday language. For example “Koirinenikaanko?” would rather be on the lines of “Eikö koirani kanssakaan?” (ei = not + -kö = ? / koira = dog + -ni = my / kanssa = with + -kaan = (not) even).
Edit Actually, even that sounds rather stiff. Probably the most natural way to say it would be "Eikö edes koirani kanssa?" where "edes" means even.
It may have been noticed that accusative isn’t mentioned in most of the litanies. This is because accusative usually looks like genitive or partitive depending on the situation. It has even been debated if the Finnish language can be said to actually have such a case as accusative since the case doesn’t have it’s own suffix.
The clitics -han, -kin and -pa/-pä have also been excluded from the comic (probably for the very good reason that there was no space). When used thay are added to the end of the word the same way as -kaan and -ko.
The clitic -kin means approximately "even/too", for example "koirakin" could be translated "even a dog" or "a dog too".
The clitics -han and -pa/-pä don't have actual meanings, they are used to stress certain words. For example "sinähän sanoit niin" means literally "you said so" but the clitic -hän after sinä, "you", puts special importance on it and gives it a sense of argument ("it was
you who said so"). One example of -pa/-pä in it's turn is "onpa tänään kaunis päivä" which means literally "it's beautiful day today" but stresses the word on, "is", in a way that gives it a sense of wonder ("My,
what a beautiful day it is").
