Language-learning resources!

[princeofdoom]

When I was a kid, I had a game where you would be told to get certain items and perform certain simple actions. ("Get the sugar. Find the bowl. Put the eggs in the cupboard." Not all of them made sense.) It was helpful because it included the spoken words as well as the written form, it was fun (which helps learning), and you could go from verbal and reading to just reading.

I was wondering if similar games are still made and what languages they might be in?

[RandomTexanReader]

I recently read of a different way to learn a new language, one in which you learn about 200 specific words and use them daily, preferably through keeping a diary. I'd like to see if it actually works.

The following are the words that should (in theory) be learned in order to have a working grasp of a language. If you are fluent in languages besides English, it would be really neat if you could translate the words so that way others (myself included) can work on memorizing the vocabulary.

Verbs
The infinitive form of these verbs and their present and past tense “I” conjugations.

be
there is
have
do
create (aka “make”)
cause (aka “make”)
go
say
speak
know
think
want
like
can
need
should
try
feel
work (also as a noun)
learn
understand
get (meaning “obtain”)
use
start
eat
see
write
give
sleep
buy
decide
find
ask
meet (meaning to meet someone for the first time)
meet (meaning “meet up with”)
take

Phrases

hello
goodbye
My name is…
“Nice to meet you.”
yes
no
okay
please
thank you
you’re welcome
sorry
excuse me (to catch someone’s attention)
well (as in “Well, I think that…”)
Really?

Conjunctions

that (as in “I think that…” or “the woman that…”)
and
or
but
though
because
therefore
if

Prepositions

before (also as a conjunction)
after (also as a conjunction)
of
from
to
in
at (place)
at (time)
with
about
like (meaning “similar to”)
for (warning, this one has several meanings that you need to take care of)

Adjectives and adverbs
Both the adjective and adverb forms of these words.

a lot
a little
good / well
bad / badly
more (know how to say “more … than”)
better (often irregular and not just “more good”)
most
enough
right
wrong

Adjectives

the, a (technically articles)
this (also as a noun)
that (also as a noun)
all
some
no
other
any
easy
hard
early
late
important
cool (as in “that’s cool”)
same
different
beautiful

Adverbs

very
too (as in “too much”)
also
only
now
here
maybe
always
often
sometimes
never
today (also as a noun)
yesterday
tomorrow
almost
still
already
even

Nouns
If your language has grammatical gender, then each noun as “the [noun]” with “the” in the correct gender. (e.g. in Spanish, instead of language = “idioma”, language = “el idioma”.)

thing
person
place
everything
something
nothing
time (as in “a long time”)
time (as in “I did it 3 times”)
friend
mother, father, parent
daughter, son, child
wife, husband
girlfriend, boyfriend
breakfast
lunch
dinner
money
day
year
hour
week
country
city
language
word
Internet
house
office
company

Question Words

who
what
where
when
why
how
how much

Pronouns
In the subject (“I”), direct object (“me”), indirect object (“to me”), and possessive (“my”) forms.

I
you
she, he
it
we
you (plural)
they

Let's see what happens!

[ParanormalAndroid]

This is very interesting.
Working on a Spanish translation, watch this space.

Verbs
The infinitive form of these verbs and their present and past tense “I” conjugations.
(I've highlighted irregulars in red)

be- estar/ser (generally temporary/permanent), present= estoy/soy, past= fui/estuve
there is- hay, (no equivalent)
have- tener, present= tengo, past= tuve
do- hacer, present= hago, past= hice
create (aka “make”)- (same as hacer)
cause (aka “make”)- causar, present= causo, past= causé
go- ir, present= voy, past= fui
say- decir, present= digo, past= dije
speak- hablar, present=hablo, past= hablé
know- saber, present= sé, past= supe
think- pensar, present= pienso, past= pensé
want- querer, present= quiero, past= quise
like- gustar, present= gusto (me gusta), past= gusté
can- poder, present= puedo, past= pude
need- necesitar, present= necesito, past= necesité
should- deber, present= debo, past= debí
try- intentar, present= intento, past= intenté
feel- sentir, present= siento, past= sentí
work (also as a noun)- trabajar, present=trabajo, past= trabajé
learn- aprender, present= aprendo, past= aprendí
understand- comprender, present= comprendo, past= comprendí
get (meaning “obtain”)- obtener, present= obtengo, past= obtuve
use
start
eat
see
write
give
sleep
buy
decide
find
ask
meet (meaning to meet someone for the first time)
meet (meaning “meet up with”)
take

Phrases

hello
goodbye
My name is…
“Nice to meet you.”
yes
no
okay
please
thank you
you’re welcome
sorry
excuse me (to catch someone’s attention)
well (as in “Well, I think that…”)
Really?

Conjunctions

that (as in “I think that…” or “the woman that…”)
and
or
but
though
because
therefore
if

Prepositions

before (also as a conjunction)
after (also as a conjunction)
of
from
to
in
at (place)
at (time)
with
about
like (meaning “similar to”)
for (warning, this one has several meanings that you need to take care of)

Adjectives and adverbs
Both the adjective and adverb forms of these words.

a lot
a little
good / well
bad / badly
more (know how to say “more … than”)
better (often irregular and not just “more good”)
most
enough
right
wrong

Adjectives

the, a (technically articles)
this (also as a noun)
that (also as a noun)
all
some
no
other
any
easy
hard
early
late
important
cool (as in “that’s cool”)
same
different
beautiful

Adverbs

very
too (as in “too much”)
also
only
now
here
maybe
always
often
sometimes
never
today (also as a noun)
yesterday
tomorrow
almost
still
already
even

Nouns
If your language has grammatical gender, then each noun as “the [noun]” with “the” in the correct gender. (e.g. in Spanish, instead of language = “idioma”, language = “el idioma”.)

thing
person
place
everything
something
nothing
time (as in “a long time”)
time (as in “I did it 3 times”)
friend
mother, father, parent
daughter, son, child
wife, husband
girlfriend, boyfriend
breakfast
lunch
dinner
money
day
year
hour
week
country
city
language
word
Internet
house
office
company

Question Words

who
what
where
when
why
how
how much

Pronouns
In the subject (“I”), direct object (“me”), indirect object (“to me”), and possessive (“my”) forms.

I
you
she, he
it
we
you (plural)
they

[Pessi]

:finland: Finnish, the best I was able to make of this.

Verbs
The infinitive form of these verbs and their present and past tense “I” conjugations.

be                                              olla: olen; olin; olen ollut; olin ollut
there is                                       olla: on; oli; on ollut; oli ollut
have                                           omistaa: omistan; omistin; olen omistanut; olin omistanut
do                                              tehdä: teen; tein; olen tehnyt; olin tehnyt
create (aka “make”)                     tehdä: same as above
cause (aka “make”)                     aiheuttaa: aiheutan; aiheutin; olen aiheuttanut; olin aiheuttanut
go                                              mennä: menen; menin; olen mennyt; olin mennyt
say                                             sanoa: sanon; sanoin; olen sanonut; olin sanonut
speak                                          puhua: puhun; puhuin; olen puhunut; olin puhunut
know                                          tietää: tiedän; tiesin; olen tietänyt; olin tietänyt
think                                          ajatella: ajattelen; ajattelin; olen ajatellut; olin ajatellut
want                                           haluta: halauan; halusin; olen halunnut; olin halunnut
like                                             pitää: pidän; pidin; olen pitänyt; olin pitänyt
can                                             osata/voida: osaan/voin; osasin/voin; olen osannut/voinut; olin osannut/voinut
need                                           tarvita: tarvitsen; tarvitsin; olen tarvinnut; olin tarvinnut
should                                         pitää: minun pitää; minun piti; minun on pitänyt; minun oli pitänyt
try                                              yrittää: yritän; yritin; olen yrittänyt; olin yrittänyt
feel                                             tuntea: tunnen; tunsin; olen tuntenut; olin tuntenut
work (also as a noun)                   työskennellä: työskentelen; työskentelin; olen työskennellyt; olin työskennellyt (noun: työ)
learn                                          oppia: opin; opin; olen oppinut; olin oppinut
understand                                  ymmärtää: ymmärrän; ymmärsin; olen ymmärtänyt; olin ymmärtänyt
get (meaning “obtain”)                 saada: saan; sain; olen saanut; olin saanut
use                                            käyttää: käytän; käytin; olen käyttänyt; olin käyttänyt
start                                           aloittaa: aloitan; aloitin; olen aloittanut; olin aloittanut
eat                                             syödä: syön; söin; olen syönyt; olin syönyt
see                                            nähdä: näen; näin; olen nähnyt; olin nähnyt
write                                          kirjoittaa. kirjoitan; kirjoitin; olen kirjoittanut; olin kirjoittanut
give                                           antaa: annan; annoin; olen antanut; olin antanut
sleep                                         nukkua: nukun; nukuin; olen nukkunut; olin nukkunut
buy                                           ostaa: ostan; ostin; olen ostanut; olin ostanut
decide                                        päättää: päätän; päätin; olen päättänyt; olin päättänyt
find                                           löytää: löydän; löysin; olen löytänyt; olin löytänyt
ask                                            kysyä: kysyn; kysyin; olen kysynyt; olin kysynyt
meet (meaning to meet someone for the first time)   tavata: tapaan, tapasin; olen tavannut; olin tavannut
meet (meaning “meet up with”)    tavata: tapaan, tapasin; olen tavannut; olin tavannut
take                                           ottaa: otan; otin; olen ottanut; olin ottanut

Phrases

hello                                 hei/terve
goodbye                           näkemiin/hei hei
My name is…                    Nimeni on...
“Nice to meet you.”           Hauska tutustua (literally "nice to get to know you")
yes                                  kyllä
no                                   ei
okay                                sopii/selvä/okei
please                              ole kiltti (literally "be kind"; you can also use conditional modus of the appropriate verb)
thank you                        kiitos
you’re welcome                ole hyvä (literally "be good")
sorry                                anteeksi
excuse me (to catch someone’s attention)       anteeksi
well (as in “Well, I think that…”)                     niin/no niin
Really?                               Todellako?/Niinkö?

Conjunctions

that (as in “I think that…” or “the woman that…”)      että (the first example), joka (the second example)
and                ja
or                  tai   
but                mutta
though           vaikka
because          koska/siksi että
therefore       sen takia
if                   jos

Prepositions

before (also as a conjunction)         ennen (edessä)
after (also as a conjunction)           jälkeen
of                                                 -n
from                                             -sta/-stä
to                                                 -Vn (V marks the elongation of the preceding vowel) or -hVn (V marks the repetition of the preceding vowel). These are singular, the plural is a bit more complicated.
in                                                 -ssa/-ssä
at (place)                                      -ssa/-ssä or -lla/-llä
at (time)                                       -lla/-llä (example: seasons: "kesällä, talvella...") or -ssa/-ssä (example: months: "toukokuussa, kesäkuussa...") -lta/-ltä (exaple: hours: "kolmelta, neljältä...")
with                                              kanssa / -ne
about                                            -sta/-stä
like (meaning “similar to”)              niin kuin
for (warning, this one has several meanings that you need to take care of)     varten (for me = minua varten)

Adjectives and adverbs
Both the adjective and adverb forms of these words.

a lot                      runsas; paljon
a little                    vähäinen; vähän
good / well             hyvä / hyvin
bad / badly             huono / huonosti
more (know how to say “more … than”)  enemmän (enemmän ... kuin)
better (often irregular and not just “more good”)   parempi / paremmin
most                      eniten
enough                  tarpeeksi 
right                      oikein
wrong                    väärin

Adjectives

the, a (technically articles)  There are no articles in Finnish
this (also as a noun)           tämä
that (also as a noun)           tuo
all                                      kaikki
some                                 jotkut 
no                                      ei
other                                  toinen
any                                    mikään / yhtään
easy                                   helppo; helppoa
hard                                   vaikea; vaikeaa
early                                  varhainen; varhaista
late                                    myöhäinen; myöhäistä
important                            tärkeä; tärkeää
cool (as in “that’s cool”)       siisti; siistiä (you can say "cool" too, everyone understands it since it's a common loan word)
same                                  samanlainen; sama
different                              erilainen; eri
beautiful                             kaunis

Adverbs

very                                   erittäin
too (as in “too much”)         liikaa; liian
also                                    myös
only                                    vain   
now                                     nyt
here                                   tässä/täällä
maybe                                ehkä
always                                aina
often                                   usein
sometimes                           joskus
never                                  ei koskaan/ei ikinä
today (also as a noun)          tänään (tämä päivä)
yesterday                            eilen (eilinen)
tomorrow                             huomenna (huominen)
almost                                melkein
still                                      silti/edelleen
already                                jo
even                                    jopa

Nouns
If your language has grammatical gender, then each noun as “the [noun]” with “the” in the correct gender. (e.g. in Spanish, instead of language = “idioma”, language = “el idioma”.)

thing                                    asia (abstract), Esine/tavara (concrete)
person                               henkilö
place                                   paikka
everything                            kaikki
something                            jokin/jotain
nothing                               ei mikään/ei mitään
time (as in “a long time”)      aika (kauan aikaa)
time (as in “I did it 3 times”) kerta
friend                                   ystävä
mother, father, parent          äiti, isä, vanhempi
daughter, son, child             tytär, poika, lapsi
wife, husband                      vaimo, (avio)mies
girlfriend, boyfriend              tyttöystävä, poikaystävä
breakfast                             aamiainen/aamupala
lunch                                   lounas
dinner                                 päivällinen
money                                 raha (originally the word meant a squirrel pelt)
day                                     päivä
year                                    vuosi
hour                                    tunti
week                                   viikko
country                               maa
city                                      kaupunki
language                              kieli
word                                    sana
Internet                               Internet (you can also say netti or even verkko)
house                                  talo
office                                   toimisto
company                              yritys/yhtiö

Question Words

who                                  kuka
what                                 mikä/mitä
where                               missä/minne   
when                                milloin
why                                  miksi
how                                  miten
how much                         kuinka paljon

Pronouns
In the subject (“I”), direct object (“me”), indirect object (“to me”), and possessive (“my”) forms.

I                       minä; minua; minulle; minun
you                   sinä; sinua; sinulle; sinun
she, he              hän; häntä; hänelle; hänen
it                       se, sitä; sille; sen
we                    me; meitä; meille; meidän
you (plural)       te; teitä; teille; teidän
they                  he; heitä; heille; heidän

[Nimphy]

Slowly writing the Italian for this

Verbs
The infinitive form of these verbs and their present and past tense “I” conjugations.

be = essere, io sono, io ero, io sono stato
there is = esserci (ci sono, c'ero, ci sono stato - in the third person it becomes c'è c'era c'è stato)
have = avere - ho, avevo, ho avuto
do = fare - faccio, facevo, ho fatto
create (aka “make”)
cause (aka “make”)
go = andare - vado, andavo, sono andato
say = dire - dico, dicevo, ho detto
speak = parlare - parlo parlavo ho parlato
know = sapere/conoscere - so, sapevo, ho saputo; conosco, conoscere, ho conosciuto
think = pensare -
want
like
can
need
should
try
feel
work (also as a noun)
learn
understand
get (meaning “obtain”)
use
start
eat
see
write
give
sleep
buy
decide
find
ask
meet (meaning to meet someone for the first time)
meet (meaning “meet up with”)
take

Phrases

hello - ciao, buongiorno, salve (least to most formal)
goodbye - ciao, arrivederci
My name is… - mi chiamo/sono
“Nice to meet you.” - Piacere di conoscerti (mostly just "piacere")
yes - sí
no - no
okay - okay
please - per favore/per piacere
thank you - grazie
you’re welcome - prego
sorry - scusa/scusi (ltmf)
excuse me (to catch someone’s attention) - scusa/scusi (ltmf)
well (as in “Well, I think that…”) - Bè...
Really? - davvero? Sul serio?

Conjunctions

that (as in “I think that…” or “the woman that…”) - che
and - e
or - o
but - ma/però
though - però
because - perchè
therefore - quindi
if - se

Prepositions

before (also as a conjunction) - prima
after (also as a conjunction) - dopo (quindi)
of - di
from - da
to - a
in - in
at (place) - a
at (time) - a
with - con
about - a proposito di
like (meaning “similar to”) - come
for (warning, this one has several meanings that you need to take care of) - per, mostly

Adjectives and adverbs
Both the adjective and adverb forms of these words.

a lot - un sacco
a little - un po'
good / well - bene
bad / badly - male
more (know how to say “more … than”) - più (più... Di)
better (often irregular and not just “more good”) - meglio/migliore (not interchangeable!)
most - il più/la più... (When adjective); la maggior parte di (when "most... In a group)
enough - basta (Enough!, but also "it it enough"), abbastanza (only second)
right - giusto
wrong - sbagliato

Adjectives

the, a (technically articles) - il/lo/la/l'; un, uno, una, un'
this (also as a noun) - questo
that (also as a noun) - quello
all - tutto
some
no
other
any
easy
hard
early
late
important
cool (as in “that’s cool”)
same
different
beautiful

Adverbs

very
too (as in “too much”)
also
only
now
here
maybe
always
often
sometimes
never
today (also as a noun)
yesterday
tomorrow
almost
still
already
even

Nouns
If your language has grammatical gender, then each noun as “the [noun]” with “the” in the correct gender. (e.g. in Spanish, instead of language = “idioma”, language = “el idioma”.)

thing - la cosa
person - la persona
place - il posto
everything - il tutto
something - il qualcosa
nothing - il niente/il nulla
time (as in “a long time”) - il tempo
time (as in “I did it 3 times”) - la volta
friend - l'amico (il amico)
mother - la madre
father - il padre
parent - il genitore
daughter - la figlia
son - il figlio
child - il bambino
wife - la moglie
Husband - il marito
girlfriend - la ragazza/fidanzata
Boyfriend - il ragazzo/fidanzato
breakfast - la colazione
lunch - il pranzo
dinner - la cena
money - il denaro/i soldi
day - il giorno
year - l'anno (il anno)
hour - l'ora (la ora)
week - la settimana
country - il paese/la campagna (sorta different)
city - la città
language - la lingua
word - la parola
Internet - l'Internet (il Internet)
house - la casa
office - l'ufficio (il ufficio)
company - la compagnia

Question Words

who - chi
what - che, cosa, che cosa
where - dove
when - quando
why - perchè
how - come
how much - quanto

Pronouns
In the subject (“I”), direct object (“me”), indirect object (“to me”), and possessive (“my”) forms.

I - io, mi, mi (a me), mio
you - tu, ti, ti (a te), tuo
she - lei/ella, le, le, suo
he - lui/egli, gli, gli, suo
it - esso/essa (Italian differentiates it between feminine and masculine), see above.
we - noi,
you (plural) - voi, vi, vi
they

[Krisse Kovacs]

I recently read of a different way to learn a new language, one in which you learn about 200 specific words and use them daily, preferably through keeping a diary. I'd like to see if it actually works.

The following are the words that should (in theory) be learned in order to have a working grasp of a language. If you are fluent in languages besides English, it would be really neat if you could translate the words so that way others (myself included) can work on memorizing the vocabulary.

Verbs
The infinitive form of these verbs and their present and past tense “I” conjugations.

be
there is
have
do
create (aka “make”)
cause (aka “make”)
go
say
speak
know
think
want
like
can
need
should
try
feel
work (also as a noun)
learn
understand
get (meaning “obtain”)
use
start
eat
see
write
give
sleep
buy
decide
find
ask
meet (meaning to meet someone for the first time)
meet (meaning “meet up with”)
take

Phrases

hello
goodbye
My name is…
“Nice to meet you.”
yes
no
okay
please
thank you
you’re welcome
sorry
excuse me (to catch someone’s attention)
well (as in “Well, I think that…”)
Really?

Conjunctions

that (as in “I think that…” or “the woman that…”)
and
or
but
though
because
therefore
if

Prepositions

before (also as a conjunction)
after (also as a conjunction)
of
from
to
in
at (place)
at (time)
with
about
like (meaning “similar to”)
for (warning, this one has several meanings that you need to take care of)

Adjectives and adverbs
Both the adjective and adverb forms of these words.

a lot
a little
good / well
bad / badly
more (know how to say “more … than”)
better (often irregular and not just “more good”)
most
enough
right
wrong

Adjectives

the, a (technically articles)
this (also as a noun)
that (also as a noun)
all
some
no
other
any
easy
hard
early
late
important
cool (as in “that’s cool”)
same
different
beautiful

Adverbs

very
too (as in “too much”)
also
only
now
here
maybe
always
often
sometimes
never
today (also as a noun)
yesterday
tomorrow
almost
still
already
even

Nouns
If your language has grammatical gender, then each noun as “the [noun]” with “the” in the correct gender. (e.g. in Spanish, instead of language = “idioma”, language = “el idioma”.)

thing
person
place
everything
something
nothing
time (as in “a long time”)
time (as in “I did it 3 times”)
friend
mother, father, parent
daughter, son, child
wife, husband
girlfriend, boyfriend
breakfast
lunch
dinner
money
day
year
hour
week
country
city
language
word
Internet
house
office
company

Question Words

who
what
where
when
why
how
how much

Pronouns
In the subject (“I”), direct object (“me”), indirect object (“to me”), and possessive (“my”) forms.

I
you
she, he
it
we
you (plural)
they

Let's see what happens!

Someone does this to all nordic languages, especially icelandic, we all need icelandic xD I should get a new notebook for icelandic, i didn't open it yet, only finnish, swedish and norwegian I have yet.... hmm...

I saw someone did finnish *gets his finnish book and writes all down*

this seems really accurate, I learnt english in school, but we learnt many words I have never used, mostly the most-used-words I remembered after finishing school, when I started using english regularly, I learnt more words by reading, and this is how my english improved, literally only by learning the most used words, my english still sucks, because I barely use words, but people can understand why I want to say. as my teacher said, this is the most important when I talk in a language.

[viola]

Ok so before I start I have a question: When writing out the I conjugations for the verbs do you want just the "I am" and "I was" for indicative or do you also want the subjunctive forms and do you want the "I am being" and "I was being" forms as well?

[Krisse Kovacs]

Ok so before I start I have a question: When writing out the I conjugations for the verbs do you want just the "I am" and "I was" for indicative or do you also want the subjunctive forms and do you want the "I am being" and "I was being" forms as well?

if it is important? (I use it in english when I mess up talking and try to be gramatically right, I simply say a sentence wrong and weird but gramatically correct xD)

[RandomTexanReader]

Ok so before I start I have a question: When writing out the I conjugations for the verbs do you want just the "I am" and "I was" for indicative or do you also want the subjunctive forms and do you want the "I am being" and "I was being" forms as well?

I think that just indicative will be sufficient, but if you want to add subjunctive, don't let me stop you! Just indicate see what I did there that it's in the subjunctive.

[viola]

I think that just indicative will be sufficient, but if you want to add subjunctive, don't let me stop you! Just indicate see what I did there that it's in the subjunctive.

Ok I think I'll start with Icelandic and then if no one's done French by then I can do that as well.

[Solovei]

This is a neat idea! I could try it doing it in Russian and Swedish which one would people like?

Also, maybe we could set up a google doc for this? (or maybe a spreadsheet even?) Seems easier than managing a bunch of forum posts that people will be continually editing...

[Eriaror]

I've done Hungarian, if anyone would want to learn our little, weird, irrelevant language for some reason.

Verbs
The infinitive form of these verbs and their present and past tense “I” conjugations.
In Present tense there are two ways to conjugate verbs in Hungarian an indefinite and a definite conjugation, I'm giving both like this: indefinite/definite.

be - van past: volt, future: lesz (vagyok, voltam, leszek)
there is - (ott) van
have - no verb for have in Hungarian, we use (nekem) van [≈belonging to me there is ...] Eg. I have a car. = Van egy kocsim
do - tesz, past: tett (teszek/teszem, tettem) or csinál (csinálok/csinálom, csináltam)
create (aka “make”) - csinál or készít [on the line of "craft"] (készítek/készítem, készítettem)
cause (aka “make”) - okoz (okozok/okozom, okoztam)
go - megy, past: ment (megyek, mentem)
say - mond (mondok/mondom, mondtam)
speak - beszél (beszélek, beszéltem)
know - tud (tudok/tudom, tudtam)
think - gondol (gondolok/gondolom, gondoltam)
want - akar (akarok/akarom, akartam)
like - We mostly use szeret (szeretek/szeretem, szerettem) to express that we like something or like to do something, but if you use szeret to say that you like a person you'll say you love them! (Szeretlek = I love you, in the romantic way) To express you like them, use kedvel (kedvelem, kedveltem) (I like you = Kedvellek (téged))
can - tud (mostly for skills, eg. ride a bike, cook, program computer programs, etc); there is also the suffix -hat/-het, but I'll have to think more to explain that accurately
need - kell/kellene (I need a pencil = Kell/kellene nekem egy ceruza [with kell you really need that pencil, with kellene it's not that urgent or important]
should - kell/kellene
try - próbál or próbálkozik (try something = megpróbál valamit) (próbálok/próbálom, próbáltam)
feel - érez (érzek/érzem, éreztem)
work (also as a noun) - dolgozik (dolgozok/dolgozom valamin, dolgoztam) Noun: munka
learn - tanul (tanulok/tanulom, tanultam)
understand - ért (értek [almost only used in értek valamihez = I'm adept in something]/értem, értettem)
get (meaning “obtain”) - szerez (szerzek, szereztem) or megszerez (obtain something definite)
use - használ (használok/használom, használtam)
start - elkezd (elkezdek/elkezdem, elkezdtem) BUT start eg. an engine - (be)indít (indítok/indítom, indítottam)
eat - eszik, past: evett (eszem [this is the grammatically correct conjugation, but you'll probably hear eszek as well, because this so-called -ik-y conjugation is slowly fading away]/eszem, ettem)
see - lát (látok/látom, láttam)
write - ír (írok/írom, írtam)
give - ad (adok/adom, adtam)
sleep - alszik (alszom, aludtam)
buy - vesz (veszek, vettem) (buy something definite = megvesz valamit or, more rarely megvásárol valamit)
decide - dönt (döntök, döntöttem) (decide something definite = eldönt valamit)
find - talál (találok, találtam) (find something definite = megtalál (megtalálok/megtalálom, megtaláltam)
ask - kérdez (kérdezek/kérdezem, kérdeztem)
meet (meaning to meet someone for the first time) találkozik (találkozom [you may also hear találkozok, same reason as with eszem]/találkozom, találkoztam)
meet (meaning “meet up with”) találkozik
take - visz (viszek/viszem, vittem) (take someone/something definite to somewhere = elvisz valakit/valamit valahová)

Phrases

hello - helló, szia, jó reggelt/napot/estét
goodbye - szia, viszontlátásra (formal, viszlát in speech and less formal
My name is… - A nevem ...
“Nice to meet you.” - Örülök a találkozásnak (this is rather formal, I can't think of a not formal one right now, because we don't really say "Nice to meet you" there)
yes - igen
no - nem
okay - oké or rendben
please - kérem(formal)/ kérlek (not formal and also can be stronger, almost "I'm begging you") or légy szíves (not formal, =be kind) / legyen szíves (formal, =be kind) You can use conditional as well for being polite, as it has been explained for Finnish already.
thank you - köszönöm or kösz (in less formal writing and informal speech)
you’re welcome - szívesen
sorry - bocsánat or elnézést
excuse me (to catch someone’s attention) elnézést (bocsánat as well, but more rarely)
well (as in “Well, I think that…”) - nos
Really? - Tényleg?

Conjunctions

that (as in “I think that…”) - hogy (you always(?) put a comma before it: "Azt gondolom, hogy ...")
that (as in  or “the woman that…”) - aki/ami/ahol/etc. You take the question word you'd use to question that part of the sentence, put an "a" at the start of it and you have your conjunction word.
and - és
or - vagy
but - de
though - viszont, ennek ellenére
because - mert
therefore - ezért
if - ha
before - mielőtt or azelőtt (not 100% sure with this)
after - miután or azután (not 100% sure with this either)

Prepositions
Like Finnish, we also have a metric crapton of suffixes, and yes, vowel harmony, too.
What's not a suffix is not a preposition, but a postposition: after the match = a meccs után

before - előtt
after - után
of - This is a hard one... dictionary says it's -ból/-ből, but there are more exceptions to this than occurrences when it's true.
from - -tól/-től
to - -nak/-nek
in -ban/-ben (when it's already in that place, into is -ba/-be)
in <place name> -on/-en-/-ön (eg. Budapesten, Szegeden, Magyarországon) or -ban/-ben (Debrecenben, Svédországban, Finnországban)
at (place) - -nál/-nél (not 100% sure, dictionary says this)
at (time) - -kor
with - -val/-vel This suffix is rather tricky, because the v assimilates (*hopes he uses correct linguistical terminology*) to the word it connects to when it ends with a consonant, eg. with Péter = Péterrel (not Pétervel)
about - -ról/-ről
like (meaning “similar to”) - olyan, mint ...
for - Oh, boy. Dictionary says all sorts of things and it's right. According to it, for can be -nak/-nek, -ért, -ra/-re, képest, helyett, -ig and some other things depending on what you're saying... maybe you get it better from some examples:
I wash up for Anna - Elmosogatok Annának (lit. WashupI AnnaFor)
We fight for the homeland! - A hazáért harcolunk! (lit. The homelandFor fightWe!)
For three days - Három napra or három napig (there is a nuance difference between the true, but both are lit. Three dayFor)
Other specific translations here

Adjectives and adverbs
Both the adjective and adverb forms of these words.

a lot - sok / sokat
a little - kevés / keveset
good / well - jó / jól
bad / badly - rossz / rosszul
more (know how to say “more … than”) több (több ... , mint but rather ... than is inkább ... , mint )
better (often irregular and not just “more good”) - jobb / jobban
most - legtöbb / legtöbbet
enough - elég / eleget
right - helyes (or jó) / helyesen
wrong - hibás (or rossz) / hibásan

Adjectives

the, a (technically articles) - Defnite article: a when the following word starts with a consonant, az when it starts with a vowel (a hajó, a szék, az alma, az idő)
this (also as a noun) - ez
that (also as a noun) - az
all - mind / minden / mindegyik (not the same, which to use depends on things...)
some - néhány / valahány / valamennyi
no - semmi / semmiféle / semmilyen (not sure if I got this one right)
other - más (but, the other one = a másik)
any - bármilyen
easy - könnyű / könnyen
hard - nehéz / nehezen
early - korai / korán
late - késő / későn
important - fontos
cool (as in “that’s cool”) - menő (cool is kinda a loanword here, too, so it will also be understood)
same - ugyanolyan (the same thing = ugyanaz)
different - különböző
beautiful - szép or gyönyörű (latter is the stronger one)

Adverbs

very - nagyon
too (as in “too much”) - túl (too much = túl sok)
also - is
only - csak
now - most
here - itt
maybe - talán
always - mindig
often - gyakran
sometimes - néha
never - soha
today (also as a noun) - ma (not used as a noun we say something like a mai nap (≈the day that is today))
yesterday - tegnap (the day before yesterday = tegnapelőtt)
tomorrow - holnap (the day after tomorrow = holnapután)
almost - majdnem
still - még mindig (not sure in this, it's lit. even now)
already - már
even - még

Nouns
No noun genders! \o/

thing - dolog (mostly abstract but can be used for physical stuff, too), tárgy (only for physical non-living stuff. You usually refer to things that you can pick up, hold in your hands (because they are not too big for that) and use for something or just have them)
person - személy or fő
place - hely
everything - minden
something - valami
nothing - semmi
time (as in “a long time”) - idő
time (as in “I did it 3 times”) - -szor/-ször (I did it 3 times = Háromszor csináltam meg. Lit: ThreeTimes didThatI)
friend - barát
mother, father, parent - anya, apa, szülő
daughter, son, child - lány, fiú, gyermek There is some not-ordinary stuff with this, refer to here
wife, husband - feleség, férj
girlfriend, boyfriend - barátnő, more variations for boyfriend. Again, see here.
breakfast - reggeli
lunch - ebéd
dinner - vacsora
money - pénz
day - nap
year - év
hour - óra
week - hét
country - ország
city - város
language - nyelv
word - szó
Internet - internet or just net
house - ház
office - iroda
company - cég

Question Words

who - ki (when the whole sentence is only Who? it can be Kicsoda? as well)
what - mi (can be Micsoda? under the same circumstances)
where - hol (from where = honnan, to where = hová)
when - mikor
why - miért
how - hogy (or hogyan)
how much - mennyi (How much does it cost? = Mennyibe kerül?)

Pronouns
In the subject (“I”), direct object (“me”), indirect object (“to me”), and possessive (“my”) forms.

I = én (engem, nekem, enyém)
you = te (téged, neked, tiéd)
she, he, it = ő (őt, neki, övé)
we = mi (minket, nekünk, miénk)
you (plural) = ti (titeket, nektek, tiétek)
they = ők (őket, nekik, övék)

Notes:

• I'm probably someone who is the least qualified to teach Hungarian (/me is now sad for absolutely not paying attention in Grammar class), so the translations above might be wrong or be explained in a wrong way.
• If you have questions, I'm usually on the chat, you can ask there. I may not be able to explain things and give a reason, but only know it's right by instinct.
• I feel that the Wikipedia article on Hungarian sums the language up about well. You can read it if you want to be terrified.
• However, you don't have to be terrified. Hungarian is a language that you have to try, use, try, use, use, and constantly fail at again and again to actually learn it well.
• And you really shouldn't be scared about failing, most of us Hungarians are amused by a foreigner who for some weird, reckless reason wants to learn our language, and always listen to them and help them out, even if they make silly mistakes. Because you can't not make silly mistakes when you try to take up Hungarian.
• We usually don't even switch to English if what you're trying to say is comprehensible (but has errors), but let you struggle try as long as you want (until you become tired and you switch to English).

[RandomTexanReader]

Also, maybe we could set up a google doc for this? (or maybe a spreadsheet even?) Seems easier than managing a bunch of forum posts that people will be continually editing...

Good idea! I'll see about setting that up this weekend.

[Nimphy]

This is a neat idea! I could try it doing it in Russian and Swedish which one would people like?

Also, maybe we could set up a google doc for this? (or maybe a spreadsheet even?) Seems easier than managing a bunch of forum posts that people will be continually editing...

BOTH!

[Viisikielinenkantele]

Heh, that's a cute idea Somehow I suspect that it doesn't work though because of the missing grammar. Here is my attempt for german. All other Germans feel free to correct me.

Verbs
The infinitive form of these verbs and their present and past tense “I” conjugations.
I added the past perfect tense because in southern Germany you will get weird looks if you try to talk in simple past tense
be                     sein; ich bin, ich war, ich bin gewesen
there is                  da ist; da war, da ist gewesen
have                     haben; ich habe, ich hatte, ich habe gehabt
do                     machen, tun; ich mache/tue, ich machte/tat, ich habe gemacht/habe getan
create (aka “make”)            herstellen, erzeugen; ich stelle her/Ich erzeuge, ich stellte her/ich erzeugte, ich habe hergestellt/Ich habe erzeugt
cause (aka “make”)            verursachen; ich verursache, ich verursachte, ich habe verursacht
go                     gehen; ich gehe, ich ging, ich bin gegangen
say                     sagen; ich sage, ich sagte, ich habe gesagt
speak                     sprechen; ich spreche, ich sprach, ich habe gesprochen
know                     wissen; ich weiß, ich wusste, ich habe gewusst
think                     denken; ich denke, ich dachte, ich habe gedacht
want                     wollen; ich will, ich wollte, ich habe gewollt
like                     mögen; ich mag, ich mochte, ich habe gemocht
can                     können; ich kann, ich konnte, ich habe gekonnt
need                     brauchen; ich brauche, ich brauchte, ich habe gebraucht
should                  sollen; ich soll, ich sollte, ich habe gesollt
try                     versuchen; ich versuche, ich versuchte, ich habe versucht
feel                     fühlen; ich fühle, ich fühlte, ich habe gefühlt
work (also as a noun)            arbeiten; ich arbeite, ich arbeitete, ich habe gearbeitet; die Arbeit
learn                     lernen; ich lerne, ich lernte, ich habe gelernt
understand                  verstehen; ich verstehe, ich verstand, ich habe verstanden
get (meaning “obtain”)            kriegen, bekommen; ich kriege/bekomme, ich kriegte/bekam, ich habe gekriegt/habe bekommen
use                     verwenden; ich verwende, ich verwendete/verwandt, ich habe verwendet/verwandt
start                     beginnen; ich beginne, ich begann, ich habe begonnen
eat                     essen; ich esse, ich aß, ich habe gegessen
see                     sehen; ich sehe, ich sah, ich habe gesehen
write                     schreiben; ich schreibe, ich schrieb, ich habe geschrieben
give                     geben; ich gebe, ich gab, ich habe gegeben
sleep                     schlafen; ich schlafe, ich schlief, ich habe geschlafen
buy                     kaufen; ich kaufe, ich kaufte, ich habe gekauft
decide                  entscheiden; ich entscheide, ich entschied, ich habe entschieden
find                     finden; ich finde, ich fand, ich habe gefunden
ask                     fragen; ich frage, ich fragte, ich habe gefragt
meet (meaning to meet someone for the first time)   kennenlernen; ich lerne kennen, ich lernte kennen, ich habe kennengelernt
meet (meaning “meet up with”)            treffen; ich treffe, ich traf, ich habe getroffen
take                     nehmen; ich nehme, ich nahm ich habe genommen

Phrases

hello                     hallo
goodbye                  Auf Wiedersehen (formal), Tschüß, Servus (informal, depends where you live)
My name is…               Mein Name ist..., Ich heiße
“Nice to meet you.”            Schön, Dich zu sehen
yes                     ja
no                     nein
okay                     okay, in Ordnung
please                  bitte
thank you                  danke
you’re welcome               bitte
sorry                     Entschuldigung
excuse me (to catch someone’s attention)      Entschuldigung, bitte/entschuldigen Sie bitte
well (as in “Well, I think that…”)         Also
Really?                     Wirklich? Tatsächlich?

Conjunctions

that (as in “I think that…” or “the woman that…”)   dass (ich denke, dass)/die, der, das (die Frau, die/der Mann, der/das Kind, das) (difficult to translate, because it is gendered in german)
and                     und
or                     oder
but                     aber
though                  obwohl
because                  weil
therefore                  deswegen
if                     wenn

Prepositions

before (also as a conjunction)               vor
after (also as a conjunction)                  nach
of                              von
from                              von
to                              nach
in                              in
at (place)                           bei, in, auf
at (time)                           um
with                              mit
about                              über/ungefähr
like (meaning “similar to”)                  wie
for (warning, this one has several meanings that you need to take care of)   für, seit, denn, weil

Adjectives and adverbs
Both the adjective and adverb forms of these words.

a lot                     viel
a little                  wenig
good / well                  gut
bad / badly                  schlecht
more (know how to say “more … than”)   mehr...als
better (often irregular and not just “more good”)   besser
most                     am meisten, der/die/das meiste
enough                  genug
right                     richtig
wrong                  falsch

Adjectives

the, a (technically articles)    der/die/das, ein/eine/ein
this (also as a noun)      dieser/diese/dieses
that (also as a noun)      jener/jene/jenes
all               alles/alle
some               manches/manche
no               kein/keine
other               anderes/anderen
any               irgendein, jeder/jede
easy               leicht
hard               schwer
early               früh
late               spät
important            wichtig
cool (as in “that’s cool”)   toll
same               gleich
different            unterschiedlich/verschieden
beautiful            schön/wunderbar

Adverbs

very               sehr
too (as in “too much”)      zu
also               auch
only               nur
now               jetzt
here               hier
maybe            vielleicht
always            immer
often               oft
sometimes            manchmal
never               nie
today (also as a noun)      heute
yesterday            gestern
tomorrow            morgen
almost            beinahe
still               noch
already            schon
even               sogar

Nouns
If your language has grammatical gender, then each noun as “the [noun]” with “the” in the correct gender. (e.g. in Spanish, instead of language = “idioma”, language = “el idioma”.)

thing               das Ding
person            die Person
place               der Platz, der Ort
everything            Alles
something            Etwas
nothing            Nichts
time (as in “a long time”)   die Zeit
time (as in “I did it 3 times”)   -mal (z. B. dreimal)
friend               der Freund/die Freundin
mother, father, parent      die Mutter, der Vater, die Eltern/das Elternteil
daughter, son, child      die Tochter, der Sohn, das Kind
wife, husband         die Frau/Ehefrau, der Mann/Ehemann
girlfriend, boyfriend      die Freundin/Lebensgefährtin, der Freund/Lebensgefährte
breakfast            das Frühstück
lunch               das Mittagessen
dinner            das Abendessen
money            das Geld
day               der Tag
year               das Jahr
hour               die Stunde
week               die Woche
country            das Land
city               die Stadt
language            die Sprache
word               das Wort
Internet            das Internet
house               das Haus
office               das Büro
company            die Firma

Question Words

who               Wer
what               Was
where            Wo
when               Wann
why               Warum   
how               Wie
how much            Wieviel

Pronouns
In the subject (“I”), direct object (“me”), indirect object (“to me”), and possessive (“my”) forms.

I            Ich, (meiner,) mir, mich; mein
you            Du, (deiner,) dir, dich; dein/Sie, Ihrer, Ihnen, Sie, Ihr
she, he         sie, (ihrer,) ihr, sie er, seiner, ihm, ihn
it            es, (seiner), ihm, es, sein
we            wir, (unser,) uns, uns, unser
you (plural)         ihr, (euer,) euch, euch, euer
they            sie, (ihrer,) ihnen, sie, ihr